An excessive function of the parathyroid glands; may lead to osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis is which?

An excessive function of the parathyroid glands; may lead to osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis is which?

• A. Hyperparathyroidism
• B. Hypoparathyroidism
• C. Thyrotoxicosis
• D. Hyperthyroidism

Answer: (A)

Excessive parathyroid function raises parathyroid hormone levels, which increases bone turnover and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. The resulting bone resorption leads to osteoporosis, while higher calcium in the urine promotes stone formation (nephrolithiasis). This pattern is characteristic of hyperparathyroidism, where overactive glands elevate PTH independently of calcium levels. The other options describe thyroid issues or insufficient parathyroid activity, which don’t produce this combination of osteoporosis and kidney stones.

Excessive parathyroid function raises parathyroid hormone levels, which increases bone turnover and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. The resulting bone resorption leads to osteoporosis, while higher calcium in the urine promotes stone formation (nephrolithiasis). This pattern is characteristic of hyperparathyroidism, where overactive glands elevate PTH independently of calcium levels. The other options describe thyroid issues or insufficient parathyroid activity, which don’t produce this combination of osteoporosis and kidney stones.